Oil burner



w mm, L W A V. PECKEREE-G OIL BURNER Filed August 4, 1923 2 Sheets-Shea 1 Patented Jan. 19, 1926.

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ALBERT VHIICKERING, 01 WEST TOWNSEND, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNGE TO TOWN- BEND MANUFACTURING CORPORATION, OF WEST TOW'NSEQ D, MASBGHUEgTTS, A.

CORPORATION OF HAS8.ACHUSETTS.

GIL BURNER.

Application fled August '4, 192:. Serial m. emcee.

To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that I, ALBERT V. Prensamo, a citizen of the United States, residing at -West Townsend, in the county of Mid- 6 dlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Oil Burners, of which the ollowin is aspecification.

is invention relates to oil burners and more particularly to oil burners of the type suitable for installation in theheating systems of residences, eliminating the necessity of reliance on coal for heating, but the invention is not limited, to this special use 16 since it may readily be put to other uses and em loyed in varied environments as those skllled in the art will recognize from the following description of its novel features.

Hereto fore difliculty has been experienced in obtaining a perfect'combustion, in oil burners of the kind in question, the soot and smoke making such burners unfit for installation in residences, apartments, ho-

tels and the like. Another feature of the usual commercial oil burner, that is a deterrent to its use b the householder, is its noisiness. Other eatures that are disadvantageous are the necessity of constant 30 clearing due'to im erfect combustion, the

cose of upkeep, an the initial expense of in callation.

' .The object of the present invention is to roiide an oil burner which is simple in cDiXs truCtiOn, can be installed and maintained at low cost in any of the present coal burning house heating systems, and is so designed that perfect combustion is obtained, without noise, and with a maximum of heat from the burning oil.

The preferred form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view of a typical house heater, in elevation, with the side wall broken away to show the location of my oil burner within it, this view inxfluding also an indication of'the control system which will form the subject matter of a sepa ate application for Letters Patent of the United States: a

Fig. 3 is a view, in vertical cross-section, 65

of the burner shown in Fig. 2 taken on the line 3-43 thereof.

.In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings the main features of the complete apparatus comprise a burner 4 supported at the proper height within the heater; an air intake pipe 6 which conveniently may extend from the fire pot door; oil supply and discharge pipes 8 which may enter through the ash pit door; a control box or casing 10 outside the heater within which are the automatic shut off mechanism and the control valve, the stems of the latter being operated from outside the box; a blower 11. for forced draft, if such is requisite; and an oil storage and supply system of any convenient type (not shown in the drawing).

The burner 4, which forms the important feature of the present invention, comprises a bowl-like lower member 12 having a central cone-like structure. 14, the peripheral Wall of which is provided With a series of circular walls 16 forming oil receiving troughs 18 which decrease in diameter from bottom to top of the cone. The circular outer wall 20 of the uppermost trough encloses a fiat surface atthe top of the cone forming a cup. The cone is bored through centrally at 22 and this bore receives, in its upper end, a burner-tip 24, of novel construction to be described later, which rests in the cupand co-operates with the wall 20 to form an upper oil receiving trough or reservoir 26.

Resting on the upper, circular edge of the burner bowl. 12 is a heat-block 28, of considerable mass, the mode of support comprising three radial legs having shoulders for engaging the edge of the bowl, thus holding the heat-block in central position thereon. The block 28 is pro vided with a central opening 32 which -flares outwardly at its lower portion through which air for combustion is introduced and disch irgvd d nvn upon the cone 14 and upon the oil :cser eir ""5: The heat-block also ends of the legs fit into a supporting frame 38 which rests on the ash pit floor of the heater. By adjusting the legs, the burner may be supported at the required. height to properly oin with the inner end of the air.

intake pipe 6 when this pipe is fitted to the fire pot door opening.

Leading into the lower end of the oil feed bore 22 is an oil supply pipe 40 which may be fitted with a flare back fire screen 41 of any suitable form. The pipe 40 leads forwardly, through the ash pit door, from the control box 10 and to the control box leads from theoil'supply tank, as usual.

burner-bowl 12 is provided, at its forward 7 side,

with an oil overflow outlet 42 from which leads a discharge pipe 44 to a drip pan within the control box which functions to shut off the oil supplyin a novel manner and will be claimed in said companion application.

If a blower ll is employed it, with its motor, maybe mounted on a stand 46 and its air conduit 47 having a discharge nozzle 48 opposite the intake pipe 6, may be supported from the control box, as by the support 49. In locations where the natural draft is sufiicient, the forced draft may, of course, be dispensed with.

The form and proportions of the burnerbo'wl l2 and hcatblock or deflector 28 are of extreme importance in obtaining perfect combustion. The construction of the burnertip 24 which supplies the oil to the adjacent oil reservoir 26 is also of importance. These features will now be described.

It will be observed that the inner concaved surface 50 of the burner-bowl 12 flares outwardly and upwardly from the base of the central cone structure 14 and that its edge lies fairly close to the periph eral surface of the deflector 28, which is nested therein. Also the lower convex surface 52 of the deflector flares outwardly and upwardly which, at its preipheral face, is substantially the complement of the concavity presented by the burner-bowl cham-' ber. These two surfaces act to direct and lead the products of combustion to, and through, the annular opening between the two members, by virtue of which the heat is delivered in a'strong blast both outwardly and upwardly as is desired for household parts of the burner care s oul The in these two be taken that'the flame outlet area between the two parts is not-greater than the area of the air inlet formed by the pipe 6. In practice these areas are made equal since, with this construction, a substantially constant velocity of the maintained. As a resultjlge burninggases form a white ,blast, completely consuming heater installations. In desi hot gases flowing outward is the fuel without soot or smoke and eliminatiug carbonization.

The burner-tip 24 comprises a removable part slipped into character shown in Fig. 3 at the upper end of the oil supply bore 22. The t1p has a cylindrical head 54 rising centrally from a base 56 of larger. diameter, the upper surface of which forms the bottom of theoil reservoir enclosed by the annular wall 20. The head is provided with two oppositely disposed, horizontal slots 58 near its base which extend inward and communicate with the upper end of a vertical oil supply bore 60 extending through the base 56. With this construction theoil, under pressure,

a counter bore, of the maintain a supply in the trough 26, the head 54 preventing the air blast from above from interfering with this operation. The air entering the heat chamber travels against and is heated by the block 28 and the downward blast of hot air sprays the oil outward over the wall 20into the heat chamber where its gases are completely consumed. The area of the oil inletport is such that the propermixture of oil and air for combustion, is' obtained.

In operating the burner, the bowl 12 is first filled through a pilot line, while cool, until the several troughs and the lower part of the burner bowl are filled, the latter to the level of the discharge outlet 42. This oil is lighted by forcing lighted paper down the air intake pipe 6 and ordinarily is suflicient to-itvarm up the parts of the burner. Additional oil may be supplied throughthe pilot line until sufiicient oil has been burned to thoroughly heat the walls of the heat chamber 'and the heat-block 28. The full supply of oil through the main line may now be fed to the burner-tip and the draft through the intake pipe 6 started. be observed that, after lighting, the air in the intake pipe is pre-heated thus materially aiding the perfect combustion that is obtained. The heat-block 28 heats to a cherry red and the oil sprayed by the hotair blast over the -hot wall 20 and under the hot surface 52 of the deflector instantly volatilizes and is blown outward in a white blast. the described ,form of the enclosing surfaces permitting the blast to" sweep freely outward through the annular outlet between the bowl and deflector. The fuel used by pref- It will crenoe is commercial furnace oil but other fuels may readily be used and my invention is not limited to the use of furnace oil.

The drawing, in Fig. 1, indicates a thermostatic or other control of the oil supply through connection to a throttle valvein the main oil supply line and those skilled in the art will recognize that my novel burner may be employed with any other usual features of control with .which these systems are supplied. v

Having thus indicated the scope of my invention and having specifically described its preferred form, what is claimed as new,

1. A burner of the class described hav'ng. in combination, a lower member having a concaved inner surface, an upper member having a convexed lower surface nested within said lower member in a manner to form a heat chamber thcrebetween and having a form near the circumference substantially the complement of said eoncaved inner surface to form a curved conduit gradually narrowing toward the outlet and provide. a narrow slit, means for conducting oil to the heat chamberfthrough the lower member, and means for conducting: air to the heat chamber through the upper member.

2. A burner of the class described having.

in combination, a lower member of bowlli-ke form having: a central conical projec- 1tion provided with a vertical oil inlet leading to .the top thereof, an upper member cap is located having: a convexed lower surface, supported on the upper edge of said lower member in spaced relation thereto to form a flaine outlet slit between them. having an air intake above said oil inlet. and a burner tip in said inlet closing it against an inrush of air )l'OVldGd with side ports for supplying oil or consumption in the heat chamber between said members.

A burner of the class described, comprising a lower member having a central cone-like construction with a cup-like cavity at the top and having an oil supply bore up through it into said cavity, and a cap having a base detachably mounted and fitting in said cavity and provided with a central passage communicating with said bore and openin; outwardly in opposite directions below the top of said cap and the top of said cavity. which cavity constitutes an oil reservoir. v

4. A burner of the class described having, in combination, a lower member provided with a central oil inlet port, a cap in said inlet port constructed to l deliver the oil sidewise therefrom, an open oil reservoir surrounding the cap and within which the so as to deliver the oil into the reservoir, and an upper member of considerable mass, supported within but in spaced relation to said lower member, having an air intake arranged to deliver air directly upon the oil in said reservoir.

ALBERT V. PICKERING. 

